Box 100 of the Stuart Hall Archive contains approximately 950 handwritten and typed index cards, dating as far back as his PhD research in the early 1950s and spanning various topics relating to literature, race, mass media, immigration, and youth culture.
While Hall’s index cards have been digitised in full, in their current form (a gallery of image files) they can be difficult to read, navigate and draw inferences from. A reference list and list of periodicals has been compiled to enable users to scan quickly through references without the need to load each image individually or to contend with Hall’s handwriting.
[Note: the digital files are not yet publicly available but it is anticipated that they will become so in the near future.]
This remediation of the index notes is not intended as a verbatim representation of the cards’ original content, but as a resource that might offer some preliminary insights into Hall’s research. If particular notes, themes, sources, etc. are of interest, it may be useful to simply use this as a jumping-off point for perusal of the cards in their original form.
More information on this resource, as well as curatorial decisions to be aware of when using it, are noted below.
You can access Hall’s Index on this page or download the resource by clicking here.
Notes on Box 100
The cards arrived at the Cadbury Research Library in various states of (dis)order: some cards were held together with paperclips and had cover titles in Hall’s hand, while others (including many of the reference cards) were in no recognisable order. SHAP archivist Rebecca Adams and SHAP researcher Katherine Parsons organised the cards into their current containers. Groups of index cards have been arranged into broad themes, and packets within those themes are arranged according to visible signs of grouping such as shared stains from rubber bands, numbered sequences, and textual continuity. The bibliographic index cards have been alphabetised.
Hall’s Index accounts for those cards which appear to serve a primarily bibliographic purpose, found in their digital form in a folder marked ‘Reference Cards’. Recurring subjects of study in this set of index cards include: the application of literary and other disciplinary methods to sociology; the role of fiction; mass media; art; popular culture; youth culture; Marx and the politics of the Left; actual and symbolic aggression; the heroic in fiction.
Alterations
Digitisation. Due to the alphabetical organisation of this reference list, some links between material have been lost in this remediation. Some of the original index cards were used to note more than one source, often for inferable reasons (works by the same author, in the same edited collection, or with thematic similarities), but occasionally without any obvious connection. Each reference is therefore marked by a ‘Card ID’, so that users can check what else (if anything) was included on that card and access the corresponding digitised index card to find out more.
Referencing style. Hall’s index cards were created for personal research, meaning that there is no single consistent format among them all. Aside from the style and format of Hall’s notes, there is a significant range in the amount of information given per card: we find reference cards replete with multiple publications by a single author (as in the case of Granville Hicks, David Daiches, and Lucien Golmann), full sentences of summative annotations by Hall or quotations from the text, and cards which contain only a name such as ‘New Republic’, ‘Robert Graves’, or ‘Spengler’. The order in which Hall lists the author’s name, source title, and publisher is inconsistent, and occasionally ambiguous as a result. Although in many instances this has been clarified for this resource, it is possible that inaccuracies remain; likewise, this resource may occasionally stray from traditional referencing because of these ambiguities.
Corrections
Although the details of most references here have not been verified, some minor errors have been corrected in cases where transcription became difficult or where information was ambiguous. So ‘The Concepts of Balance, Conformity and Dissonance’ by Zajonc (in Hall’s notation) becomes ‘The Concepts of Balance, Congruity and Dissonance’ in this resource. A few dates and names have likewise been amended, and second or third authors cited where Hall had listed only the primary.
Useful Information
An ‘index card ID’ follows each entry. This identifies the index card from which the information in the entry has been transcribed and reformatted for this resource. So, for example, Page 1 (of 162) in the ‘Reference Cards A-C’ file becomes: [Ref/AC/001].
This enables users to navigate between this resource and the digitised index card files to ascertain the source of the information. This may be particularly useful where information appears ambiguous, for users who have an interest in the visual composition of a card, or in the discovery of bibliographic sources noted on the same card.
An asterisk (*) indicates annotations made by Hall in addition to standard bibliographic information.
Ctrl+F (or Cmd+F for Mac users) will allow users to target specific information, such as the name of a text, to view entries from the same card (by using Ctrl+F to find the relevant Card ID) or to skip between Hall’s notes (by using Ctrl+F to find *).
Hall’s Index
Albert, R. S. “Role of Mass Media & Effect of Aggressive Film Content on Children’s Aggressive Responses.” Genetic Psychology Monographs 55 (1957): 221-85. [Ref/AC/005]
Albrecht, M. C. “Does Literature Reflect Common Values.” American Sociological Review 21 (1956): 722-29. [Ref/AC/009]
*P. 723. Bibliography of studies of American values used as check for values expressed in fiction.
Albrecht, M. C. “The Relationship of Literature to Society.” American Journal of Sociology 59 (1954): 425-36. [Ref/AC/007]
Albrecht, Milton. “Art as an Institution.” American Sociological Review 33, no. 3 (1968): 383-96. [Ref/AC/003]
Allport, Gordon W. The Use of Personal Documents in Psychological Science. New York: Social Science Research Council, 1942. [Ref/AC/011]
*cf Gottschalk qv
Altick, Richard D. “The Sociology of Authorship: The Social Origins, Education, and Occupations of 1100 British Writers, 1800-1935.” Bulletin of the New York Public Library 66 (June 1962): 389-404. [Ref/AC/013]
Altick, Richard D. The English Common Reader. Chicago, 1957. [Ref/AC/015]
*(See Rothblatt, Cambridge&Society, for another reference)
Armour, Craig G. “The Unpoetic Compromise: On the Relation Between Private Vision and Social Order in Nineteenth Century English Fiction.” In Society and Self in the Novel: English Institute Essays, 1955, edited by Mark Shorer, 26-50. New York, 1956. [Ref/OZ/062]
Arnheim, Rudolf. “The World of the Daytime Serial.” In Radio Research 1942-1943, edited by Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Frank N. Stanton, 34-85. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1944. [Ref/AC/017]
Arnold, Aerol. “Why Structure in Fiction: A Note to Social Scientists.” American Quarterly 10 (1958): 325-37. [Ref/AC/019]
*Fiction – the way novelists’ literary interests affect their use of sociological material.
Arvin, Newton. “Literature & Social Change.” Modern Quarterly VI (Summer 1932): 20-25. [Ref/AC/021]
*qv Calverton / qv Hazlett.
Arvin, Newton. “Fiction Mirrors America.” Current History 42 (1935): 610-16. [Ref/AC/021]
*qv Calverton / qv Hazlett.
Asheim, Lester. “From Book to Film: Mass Appeal.” Quarterly of Film, Radio and Television 6 (1952): 258-73. [Ref/AC/023]
Asheim, Lester. “From Book to Film.” In Reader in Public Opinion and Communication, edited by Bernard Berelson and Morris Janowitz, 299-309. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1950. [Ref/AC/023]
Atkins, John. George Orwell: A Literary and Biographical Study. Calder, 1954. [Ref/OZ/009]
Auchincloss, Louis. “Marquand & O’Hara: The Novel of Manners.” Nation 191, November 19 1960, 383-88. [Ref/AC/025]
*Old novel of manners impossible in classless society: So Marquand seen as satirizing illusory class consciousness, and O’Hara seen as mistaking superficial distinctions for the real thing.
Auerbach, Erich. Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. New York: Anchor Books, 1957. [Ref/AC/027]
*(1942)
Aydelotte, William O. “The Detective Story as a Historical Source.” Yale Review 39 (1949): 66-95. Reprint by Deer & Deer, 132-53. [Ref/AC/031]
Aydelotte, William O. “The England of Marx and Mill as Reflected in Fiction.” Journal of Economic History 8 (supplement) (1948): 42-58. [Ref/AC/029]
Bailyn, L. “Mass Media + Children: Study of Exposure Habits and Cognitive Effects.” Psychological Monographs 73, no. 1 (1956). [Ref/AC/037]
Bandura, A., D. Ross and S. Ross. “Transmission of Aggression Through Imitation of Aggressive Models.” Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology 63, no. 3 (1961): 595. [Ref/AC/033]
Bandura, A., and A. Huston. “Identification As A Process of Incidental Learning.” Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 63, no. 2 (1961): 311. [Ref/AC/035]
Barber, Charles L. “The Winter’s Tale & Jacobean Society.” In Shakspeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 233-52. London, 1964. [Ref/AC/039 & Ref/HN/137]
*(Marxist)
Barbu, Zevedei. “The Sociology of Drama.” New Society, 2 February 1961, 161-63. [Ref/AC/041]
*Inadequacy of most studies. Not systematic. “What are the societies and historical periods within which the drama rose and reached a peak as a specific literary form?” 13c China, 5c India, 17c Japan, 5c Greece, 17c England, 17c France, 17c Spain.
Social correlates? Why these and not other?
Takes each in turn. Start: generalising.
Barbu, Zevedei. “Rise of Novel: Sociological Analysis.” CCCS Seminar, October 1968. [Ref/AC/043]
*For essay in volume edited by Daiches.
Notes L & S file
Baritz, Loren [Ref/AC/045]
Barnett, James H. Divorce and the American Divorce Novel 1858-1937. Philadelphia, 1939. [Ref/AC/051]
Barnett, James H. “The Sociology of Art.” In Sociology Today, Volume 1, edited by R. K. Merton et al., 197-214. New York, NY: Harper Row, 1959. [Ref/AC/047]
Barnett, James H. “Research Areas in the Sociology of Art.” Sociology & Social Research 42 (July-August 1958): 401-5. [Ref/AC/049]
Barnett, James H., and Rhoda Gruen. “Recent American Divorce Novels, 1938-1945: A Study in the Sociology of Literature.” Social Forces 26 (1948): 322-27. [Ref/AC/051]
Barrett, W. “American Fiction and American Values.” Partisan Review (Nov-Dec 1951): 682-45. [Ref/AC/053]
Barthes, Roland. Elements of Semiology. Cape Editions, 1967. [Ref/AC/055]
Barthes, Roland. “The Sapient Structuralist.” Times Literary Supplement, 3 September 1964, 792. [Ref/AC/055]
Barzun, Jacques. “Reflections on the Literature of Spying.” American Scholar 34 (1965): 167-78. [Ref/AC/057]
Bascom, William. “The Myth-Ritual Theory.” Journal of American Folklore 70 (1957): 103-14. [Ref/AC/059]
*“myths are by definition regarded as true in the society in which they are told”
Becker, George J., ed. Documents of Modern Literary Realism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963. [Ref/AC/061]
Belinsky, Chernyshevsky, Dobvdynhov. Selected Criticism. New York: Dutton, 1962. [Ref/AC/063]
*Russian
Beljame, Alexandre. Men of Letters and the English Public in the eighteenth century, 1660-1744: Dryden, Addison, Pope. Edited by Bonamy Dobrée. Translated by E. O. Lorimer. London: Routledge, 1948. Originally published in French, 1881. [Ref/AC/065]
Benedict, Ruth. “Continuities & Discontinues in Cultural Conditioning.” Psychiatry (May 1938). [Ref/AC/067]
Berelson, Bernard, and Patricia Salter. “Majority and Minority Americans: An Analysis of Magazine Fiction.” Public Opinion Quarterly 10 (1946): 168-90. [Ref/AC/075]
*Mass Culture, 235-50.
Berger, Bennett. “Adolescents & Beyond.” Social Problems (Spring 1963): 394. [Ref/AC/071 & Ref/AC/079]
*Book review of Coleman, Goodman & Friedenberg
Berger, Bennett. “On the Youthfulness of Youth Cultures.” Social Research 30 (1963). [Ref/AC/073]
Berkowicz, Leonard, Ronald Corwin, and Mark Heironimus. “Film Violence and Subsequent Aggressive Tendencies.” The Public Opinion Quarterly 27, no. 2 (Summer 1963): 217-29. [Ref/AC/069]
* Review of lit on levels of aggression
Berkowitz, C. Aggression: A Social Psychological Analysis. McGraw Hill: New York, 1962. [Ref/HN/165]
Betsky, Seymour. “Literature and General Culture”. Universities Quarterly (Feb/Apr 1960). [Ref/AC/077]
*And other unpublished material in CCCS Bibliography file.
Bloch, Herbert A. “Towards the Development of a Sociology of Literary and Art Forms.” American Sociological Review 8 (1943): 310-20. [Ref/AC/083]
Blunden, Edmund. Undertones of War. 1930. [Ref/AC/081]
Bode, Carl. The Anatomy of American Popular Culture, 1840-1861. Berkeley, California, 1959. [Ref/AC/095]
Bogart, Leo. “Adults Talk About Newspaper Comics.” American Journal of Sociology 61 (1955): 26-30. [Ref/AC/093]
Bolton, Charles D. “Sociological Relativism and the New Freedom.” Ethics 68 (October 1957): 11-27. [Ref/AC/091]
*Relativism and Philosophical absolutism in Riesman, Orwell and Colin Wilson
Bonny, Harold V. Reading: An Historical and Psychological Study. Gravesend: A. J. Philip, 1939. [Ref/AC/089]
Boorstin, Daniel J. “The Place of Thought in American Life.” American Scholar 25 (1956): 137-50. [Ref/AC/087]
* Homogeneity and difference of American thought and culture imperfectly reflected in literature
Bowron, Bernard, Leo Marx and Arnold Rose. “Literature and Covert Culture.” American Quarterly 9 (1957): 377-86. [Ref/AC/085]
* Unconscious or unadmitted cultural traits in analysis of imagery and metaphor – Illustration pre Civil War material
Bradbury, Malcolm. The Social Context of Modern English Literature. Blackwells, 1969. [Ref/AC/105]
Brander, Laurence. George Orwell. Longmans, Green & co, 1954. [Ref/OZ/013]
Brinton, Crane. A History of Western Morals. New York, 1959. [Ref/AC/107]
*Intellectual history – interaction between social forces and ideas. Frequent references to literature.
Brooks, Cleanth. “Regionalism in American Literature.” Journal of Southern History 26 (1960): 35-43. [Ref/AC/109]
*Elements in culture which correlate with Southern Literature
Brooks, Van Wyke. America’s Coming of Age. 1915. [Ref/AC/111]
Burgum, Edwin B. “American Sociology in Transition.” Science and Society 23 (1959): 317-32. [Ref/AC/097]
*Social studies (Riesman, Mills, Whyte, Spectovsky) compared with social criticism in fiction (Marquand; Wilson)
Burke, Kenneth. Attitudes Toward History, 2 vols. New York: New Republic, 1937. [Ref/AC/099]
Burke, Kenneth. Counter-Statement. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1931. [Ref/AC/099]
Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature and Method. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. [Ref/AC/101]
Burke, Kenneth. Permanence & Change: An Anatomy of Purpose, New York: New Republic, 1935. [Ref/AC/099]
Bush, W. T. “Art & Culture.” Journal of Philosophy, 5 December 1929. [Ref/AC/103]
Caillois, Roger. Sociologia de la Novela. Buenos Aires, 1942. [Ref/AC/113]
*Ref Levin 1965. Includes articles on the detective story.
Calverton, V. F. “Art & Social Change: A Controversy, the Radical Approach.” Modern Quarterly VI (Winter 1931): 16-27. [Ref/AC/115]
*qv Arvin / qv Hazlitt
Cartwright, Dorian. “Analysis of Qualitative Material.” In Research Methods in the Behavioural Sciences, edited by Leon Festinger & Daniel Katz, 421-70. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1953. [Ref/AC/119]
Caudwell, Christopher. Illusion and Reality: A Study of the Sources of Poetry. 1937. [Ref/AC/117 & Ref/AC/121]
Caudwell, Christopher. Studies in a Dying Culture. 1939. [Ref/AC/121]
Caudwell, Christopher. “Further Studies in a Dying Culture.” Modern Quarterly 6, no. 1-4 (1950-52). [Ref/AC/121]
Chapman, Raymond. The Victorian Debate: English Literature and Society 1832-1901. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968. [Ref/AC/123]
*(W & N series)
Charque. Contemporary Literature and Social Revolution. [Ref/AC/125]
Chase, Richard. “Neo-Conservatism & American Litearrture.” Commentary 23, (March 1957): 254-61. [Ref/AC/127 & Ref/AC/129]
*Tendency to “square American literature with conservative opinion in morals, politics and religion”
Chase, Richard. Quest for Myth. New York, 1950.
Cloward, R. and L. Ohlin. Delinquency & Opportunity. Glencoe: Free Press, 1960. [Ref/AC/131 & Ref/AC/133]
*‘conflict’ and ‘retreatist’ delinquent groups
Cohen, A. and J. Short. “Research in Delinquent Subcultures.” Journal of Social Issues 14, no. 3 (1958). [Ref/AC/135]
Cohen, Ralph. “Private Eyes & Public Critics.” Partisan Review 24 (Spring 1957): 243-53. [Ref/AC/137]
Coleman, James. The Adolescent Society. Glencoe: Free Press, 1961. [Ref/AC/139 & Ref/AC/141]
Collins, A. S. Authorship in the Age of Johnson 1726-1780. [Ref/AC/143]
Collins, A. S. The Profession of Letters: A Study of the Relation of Author to Patron, Publisher, and Public, 1780-1832. London: Routledge, 1928. [Ref/AC/143]
Collins, A. S. “The Growth of the Reading Public During the Eighteenth Century.” Review of English Studies 2 (1926): 284+428. [Ref/AC/143]
Collins, A. S. “The Growth of the Reading Public.” Nineteenth Century 101 (1927): 749-58. [Ref/AC/143]
Collins, Philip. Dickens & Crime. London: Macmillan, 1965. [Ref/AC/145]
Collins, Philip. Dickens & Education. London: Macmillan, 1963. [Ref/AC/145]
Comfort, Alex. The Novel and Our Time. London, 1948. [Ref/AC/147]
*(Ref. Booth, 393)
Coombes, B. L. These Poor Hands. Left Book Club, 1939. [Ref/AC/149]
Cort, David. “Sophistication in America.” Nation 184 (2 Feb 1957): 94-97. [Ref/AC/151]
*Review of sophisticated magazines, esp. New Yorker (critical)
Coser, Lewis E., ed. Sociology through Literature. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,1963. [Ref/AC/153]
Coventry, Peter. The Image of Childhood: The Individual and Society – A Study of the theme in English Literature. Penguin (Peregrine). Originally Poor Monkey. [Ref/AC/155]
Craig, David. “Fiction and the Rising Industrial Classes.” Essays in Criticism 17 (1967): 64-74. [Ref/AC/157]
Craig, David. “Love & Society: Measure for Measure and our own time.” In Shakspeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 195-216. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/137]
Cruse. [Ref/AC/159]
Cruttwell, Patrick. “Wordsworth, the Public and the People.” Sewanee Review 69 (1956): 71-81. [Ref/AC/161]
Daiches, David. Literature and Society. London: Gollancz, 1938. [Ref/DG/001 & Ref/DG/003]
Daiches, David. The Novel and the Modern World. 1939. [Ref/DG/003]
Daiches, David. Poetry and the Modern World. 1940. [Ref/DG/003]
Daiches, David. “Criticism and Sociology.” In Critical Approaches to Literature, 1956. [Ref/DG/003]
Daiches, David. “Criticism and the Cultural Context.” In Critical Approaches to Literature, 1956. [Ref/DG/003]
Damon, P., ed. Literary Criticism & Historical Understanding – Selected Papers from the English Institute. 1967. [Ref/DG/005]
Danby, John E. Shakespeare’s Doctrine of Nature: A Study of “King Lear”. London, 1949. [Ref/DG/009]
Danby, John E. Poet’s on Fortune’s Hill: Studies in Sidney, Shakespeare, Beaumont & Fletcher. London, 1952. [Ref/DG/009]*Listed by Daiches & Folsom
Davies, Horton. A Mirror of the Ministry in Modern Novels. New York, 1959. [Ref/DG/007]
*Analysis of function of clerical characters in 15 novelists
Davis, David B. Homicide in American Fiction, 1978-1860: A Study in Social Value. New York: Ithaca,1957. [Ref/DG/011]
*Analysis of American moral ideas and social forces which influenced acts of violence – fiction used as primary documents.
Davis, Kingsley. “Adolescence & the Social Structure.” Annals of American Academy of Political & Social Science 236, no. 1 (1944): 8-16. [Ref/DG/013]
Davis, Kingsley. “Sociology of Parent-Youth Conflict.” American Sociological Review 5 (August 1940). [Ref/DG/017 & Ref/DG/019]
Day Lewis, C., ed. The Mind in Chains. 1937. [Ref/DG/015]
*cf. “A Marxist Interpretation of Lit” Edward Upward
De Charms, Richard, and Gerald H. Moeller. “Values Expressed in American Children’s Readers: 1800-1950.” Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology 64 (1962): 136-142. [Ref/DG/021]
Deer, I., and H. Deer, eds. The Popular Arts. [Ref/DG/023]
Demetz, Peter. Marx, Engels and the Poets: Origins of Marxist Literary Criticism. London/Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967. [Ref/DG/037]
Denney, Reuel. The Astonished Muse: Popular Culture in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957. New York: The Universal Library/Grosset & Dunlap, 1964. [Ref/DG/025]
Desan, Wilfred. The Marxism of Jean-Paul Sartre. New York, 1965; Anchor Books, 1966. [Ref/DG/027]
Dollard, J., C. Doob, N. Miller, O. H. Mowrer, and R. R. Sears. “Frustration and Aggression.” New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1930. [Ref/DG/029]
*The original “frustration + aggression” hypothesis
Dornbusch, Sanford M., and Louis Schneider. Inspirational Books in America. University of Chicago Press, 1958. [Ref/DG/031]
Duncan, Hugh Dalziel. Language and Literature in Society: A Sociological Essay on Theory and Method in the Interpretation of Linguistic Symbols with a Bibliographical Guide to the Sociology of Literature. New York, Bedminster Press, 1961. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1953. [Ref/DG/033]
Duncan, Hugh Dalziel. Communication & Social Order. New York: Bedminster Press, 1962. [Ref/DG/035]
Eagleton, Terence. Shakespeare & Society: Critical Studies in Shakespearean Drama. London: Chatto & Windus, 1967. [Ref/DG/057]
Eastman, Max. The Literary Mind: Its Place in an Age of Science. New York, 1935. [Ref/DG/043]
Eco, Umberto. “Sociology and the Novel.” Times Literary Supplement, 28 September 1967, 875-6. [Ref/DG/045]
*Very full discussion and categorisation of approaches. Europe orientation.
Ehrmann, Jacques. “Les structures de l’echange dans ‘Cinna’.” Les Temps Modernes (November 1966): 929-60. [Ref/DG/047]
Elkin, Frederick. “The Psychological Appeal of the Hollywood Western.” Journal of Educational Sociology 24 (1950), 72-85. [Ref/DG/049 & Ref/DG/059]
Elkin, Frederick. “The Value Implications of Popular Films.” Sociology & Sociological Research 38 (1954): 320-22. [Ref/DG/055]
Eliot, T. S. [Ref/DG/051]
Elliott, George P. “Country Full of Blondes.” Nation 190, (23 April 1960): 354-60. [Ref/DG/041]
*Chandler’s portrayal of Southern California
Elliott, M. A., and Merrill, F. E. “Literary Indices of Social Disorganisation.” Social Disorganisation. New York: Harper, 1934, 3rd ed. Rev. 1950. [Ref/DG/061]
*Ref. Inglis, 526. Chapter in book ? Reflection thesis
Elliott, Robert C. The Power of Satire: Magic, Ritual, Art. Princeton, 1960. [Ref/DG/063]
Ellis, Albert. The Folklore of Sex. New York, 1961. [Ref/DG/053]
Empson, William. Some Versions of the Pastoral. London: Chatto & Windus, 1935. Second Impression, 1950. [Ref/DG/039]
Escarpit, Robert. Sociologie de la literature. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1958 (Que sais-je). 2nd ed. 1960. [Ref/DG/065]
Farrell, James T. Literature and Morality. New York, 1947. [Ref/DG/067]
Farrell, James T. The League of Frightened Philistines. [Ref/DG/067]
Fast, Howard. Literature & Reality. New York, 1950. [Ref/DG/069]
Fergusson, Francis. “Action as Passion.” Kenyon Review (Autumn 1947): 201. [Ref/DG/071]
Fergusson, Francis. “Action as Rational: Racine’s Bérénice.” Hudson Review (Summer 1948): 188. [Ref/DG/071]
Fiedler, Leslie. “Both Ends Against the Middle.” In Mass Culture. [Ref/DG/073 & Ref/DG/075]
* High/low culture more in common than either with middle brow
Fiedler, Leslie. “From Clarissa to Temple Drake: Women in Love in the Classic American Novel.” Encounter 8 (March 1957): 14-20. [Ref/DG/077]
Findley, J. N. “Some of Hegelianism.” Proceedings of Aristotelian Society (1955):1-24. [Ref/DG/079]
Finestone, H. “Cats, Kicks & Colour.” Social Problems 5 (1957). Reprinted in The Other Side, edited by H. S. Becker. [Ref/DG/081]
Finklestein, Sidney. Art & Society. New York, 1947. [Ref/DG/083]
*qv Kott
Fischer, Ernst. Art Against Ideology. Allen Lane Penguin Press, 1969. [Ref/DG/085]
Fischer, Ernst. The Necessity of Art: A Marxist Approach. Translated by Anna Bostock. Penguin, 1963. [Ref/DG/087]
*Esp. pp 129-30. On content and form: structure and superstructure in society
Flores, Angel, ed. Literature & Marxism. New York, 1938. [Ref/DG/89]
Folsom, Michael B. “Shakespeare: A Marxist Bibliography”. American Institute for Marxist Studies Biographical Series, no. 2 (1965). [Ref/DG/095]
*(20 East 30th Street, New York, N Y 10016)
Ford, George Harry. Dickens and his readers: Aspects of Novel. Criticism since 1836. Princeton, 1955. [Ref/DG/097]
Foster, Charles II. The Rungless Ladder: Harriet Beecher Stowe & New England Puritanism. Durham, North Carolina, 1955. [Ref/DG/099]
Foster, J. H. “An Approach to Fiction through the Characteristics of Its Readers.” Library Quarterly 6 (April 1936): 124-74. [Ref/DG/101]
Foucault, Jean. Les Mots et les Choses. Paris, 1966. [Ref/DG/103]
Fox, Ralph. The Novel and the People. New York, 1937. [Ref/DG/105 & Ref/DG/107]
Francke, Kuno. History of German Literature as Determined by Social Forces. London, 1961. [Ref/DG/109]
Friedan, Betty. “The Happy Housewife Heroine.” Chapter 2 in The Feminine Mystique, 1963. [Ref/DG/111]
Friedenberg, E. The Vanishing Adolescent. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 1959. [Ref/DG/091 & Ref/DG/093]
Friedsam, Hiram J. “Bureaucrats as Heroes.” Social Forces 32, (1954): 269-74. [Ref/DG/113]
Fuller, Edmund. Man in Modern Fiction. New York, 1958. [Ref/DG/115]
Gamberg, Herbert. “The Modern Literary Ethos: A Sociological Interpretation.” Social Forces 37 (1958): 7-14. [Ref/DG/117]
Gasset, Ortega Y. “The Nature of the Novel.” Hudson Review 10 (1957): 11-42. [Ref/DG/119]
Geismar, Maxwell. American Moderns: From Rebellion to Conformity. New York, 1958. [Ref/DG/121]
George, M Dorothy. Hogarth to Cruikshank. London: Allen Lane Penguin Press, 1967. [Ref/DG/123]
Gerber, Richard. Utopian Fantasy: A Study of English Utopian Fiction Since the End of the Nineteenth Century. London & New York, 1955. [Ref/DG/125]
Gergen, Kenneth, Travers, Jeffrey and Gebhart, Mary. “The Biography in Popular Literature Revisited.” 1967 Meeting of American Association of Public Opinion Research. [Ref/DG/127]
Gersh, Gabriel. “The English Family Novel.” South Atlantic Quarterly 56 (1957): 207-216. [Ref/DG/129]
Gesselman, Daisy B. “Television and Reading.” Elementary English 28 (1951): 385-91. [Ref/DG/131]
Gibian, George. “Love by the Book: Pushkin, Stendhal, Flaubert.” Comparative Literature 8, no. 2 (Spring 1956): 97-109. [Ref/OZ/001]
* Interplay values/society/individual. Pushkin, Stendhal, Flaubert
Glicksberg, Charles I. Literature and Religion. Dallas, Texas, 1960. [Ref/DG/133]
*20th century “existential anxiety” in fiction, poetry and drama
Goddard, Z Warrenn. “Literary Taste & Democracy.” Sociological Review 28 (1936): 423-37. [Ref/DG/135]
Goldmann, Lucien. “L’Appert de la Pensee Marxiste” Arguments (Feb-March 1959). [Ref/DG/139]
Goldmann, Lucien. “Materialisme dialectique et histoire de la literature.” Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale (July-Sept 1951). [Ref/DG/139]
Goldmann, Lucien. The Hidden God. Recherches Dialectiques, 1959. [Ref/DG/141]
Goldmann, Lucien. Pour Une Sociologie du Roman. [Ref/DG/141]
*Discussed by Eco in TLS 1967 qv Lukacs
Goldmann, Lucien, ed. “Problèmes d’une Sociologie du Roman.” Université Libre de Bruxelles: Revue de L’Institut de Sociologie (1963/2): 223-467. [Ref/DG/143]
* Ref Levin, 1965. A special number of the journal, based on a seminar on the novels of Malraux. Articles by Goldmann, “Introduction a une Etude Structural des Romans de Malraux”. Also Rene Girard. Ref Erich Köhler
Goldmann, Lucien. “The Sociology of Literature: Status & Problems of Method.” International Social Science Journal 19, no. 4 “The Sociology of Literary Creativity” (1967): 493-516. [Ref/DG/137]
Gollancz, Victor, ed. The Betrayal of the Left. [Ref/DG/145]
Gombrich, E. H. In Search of Cultural History. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969. [Ref/DG/147]
Gordon, Milton M. “Kitty Foyle and the Concept of Class as Culture.” American Journal of Sociology 53 (1947): 210-218. [Ref/DG/151]
Gottshalk, D. G. Art and the Social Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947. New York: Dover, 1962. [Ref/DG/153]
Gottschalk, Louis, Clyde Luckhohn, and Rober Angell. The Use of Personal Documents in History, Anthropology and Sociology. New York: Social Science Research Council, 1945. [Ref/DG/155]
* cf. Allport q v
Graña, César. Modernity & its discontents: French Society and the French Man of Letters in the Nineteenth Century. Harper Torchbooks. [Ref/DG/157]
Graves, Robert. Goodbye to All That. London, 1929. [Ref/DG/149]
Greenberg, Clement. Art & Culture. Boston: Beacon Press, 1961. [Ref/DG/159]
Gregor, Ian. The Moral and the Story. [Ref/DG/161]
Guérard, Albert L. Literature & Society. New York, 1935. [Ref/DG/163]
Gurko, Leo. Heroes, Highbrows and the Popular Mind. Indianapolis, 1953. [Ref/DG/165]
Hall, Vernon. Renaissance Literary Criticism: Social Context. [Ref/HN/001]
Halsey, Van R. “Fiction and the Businessman.” American Quarterly 11 (1959): 391-402. [Ref/HN/003]
*Unfair portrait of businessman in fiction
Hamilton, Ian, ed. The Poetry of War 1939-45. 1965. [Ref/HN/005]
Handel, Leo. Hollywood Looks at its Audience. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1950. [Ref/HN/009]
Harap, Louis. Social Roots of the Arts. New York: International Publishers, 1949. [Ref/HN/011]
Harding, D. W. [Ref/HN/013]
Harpers, J. “Implied Truths in Literature.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism XIX (Fall 1960). [Ref/HN/015]
Harrington, Michael. “Marxist Literary Critics.” Commonweal LXXI (11 December 1959): 324-6. [Ref/HN/007]
Harris, R. W. Romanticism and the Social Order, 1780-1830. 1969. [Ref/HN/019]
Hart, Hornell. “Changing Social Attitudes and Interests.” Chapter 8 in Recent Social Trends. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1933. [Ref/HN/021]
Hart, James D. The Popular Book: A History of America’s Literary Taste. New York: OUP, 1950. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961. [Ref/HN/023]
Harvey, John. “The Content Characteristics of Best Selling Books.” Public Opinion Quarterly 17 (1953): 91-114. [Ref/HN/025]
Hauser, Arnold. The Social History of Art. New York: Knopf, 1951 (2 volumes). [Ref/HN/027]
*Discussed by Eco in Times Literary Supplement, 1967
Hazlitt, Henry. “Art and Social Change: A Controversy. The Eclectic Approach.” Modern Quarterly VI (Winter 1931): 10-15. [Ref/HN/029]
qv Arvin / qv Calverton
Head, Sidney W. “Content Analysis of Television Drama Programs.” Quarterly of Film, Radio & Television 9 (1954): 175-94. [Ref/HN/031]
Heider, F. “Attitudes and Cognitive Organisation.” Journal of Psychology 21 (1946). [Ref/HN/043]
Henderson, Philip. The Poet & Society. 1937. [Ref/HN/037]
Henle, M. “On Activity in the Goal Region.” Psychology Review 63 (1956). [Ref/HN/035]
Henle, M. “On Field Forces.” Journal of Psychology 43 (1957). [Ref/HN/039 & Ref/HN/041]
Henle, M. “Some Effects of Motivational Processes on Cognition.” Psychology Review 62 (1955). [Ref/HN/033]
Herzog, Herta. “What do we really know about daytime serial listeners?” In Radio Research 1942-1943, edited by Lazarsfeld and Stanton. [Ref/HN/045]
Hickman, Granville. “Literature and Revolution.” English Journal (College Edition) (24 March 1935): 219-35. [Ref/HN/047]
Hicks, Granville. “The Failure of ‘Left’ Criticism.” New Republic 103 (9 September 1940). [Ref/HN/049]
Hicks, Granville. “Fiction & Social Criticism.” College English 14, no. 2 (1952). [Ref/HN/049]
Hicks, Granville. Figures of Transition. 1939. [Ref/HN/049]
Hicks, Granville. The Great Tradition. 1933. [Ref/HN/049]
Hicks, Granville. “Social Interpretation of Literature.” Progressive Education (January/February 1934). [Ref/HN/051]
Hill, Christopher. “Clarissa Harlowe and Her Times.” In Puritanism and Revolution. [Ref/HN/053]
Hill, Christopher. Puritanism and Revolution. [Ref/HN/053]
Hill, Christopher. Reformation to Industrial Revolution, 1530-1780. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967. [Ref/HN/053]
Hill, Christopher. “Society and Andrew Marvell.” In Puritanism and Revolution. [Ref/HN/053]
Hirsch, E. D., Jr. “Objective Interpretation.” PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association 75 (September 1960): 463-79. [Ref/HN/055]
Hirsch, E. D., Jr. Validity in Interpretation. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1967. [Ref/HN/055]
Hobday, C. H. “The Social Background of King Lear.” Modern Quarterly, Miscellany No 1. [Ref/HN/057]
Hoffman, Frederick. “The Knowledge of Literature.” American Quarterly 10 (1958): 199-205. [Ref/HN/059]
Hoffman, Frederick. “The Rhetoric of Evasion.” Sewanee Review (Sept 19490. [Ref/HN/061]
Hoffman, Frederick, Charles Allen, and Carolyn F. Ulrich. Little Magazines: History and Bibliography. [Ref/HN/061]
Hofstadter, Beatrice. “Popular Culture and the Romantic Heroine.” American Scholar 30 (1960-61): 98-116. [Ref/HN/063]
Hofstadter, Richard, and Beatrice Hofstadter. “Winston Churchill: A Study of the Popular Novel.” American Quarterly 21 (1950): 12-28. [Ref/HN/065]
Hoggart, Richard. Contemporry Cultural Studies: An Approach to the Study of Literature and Society. CCCS Occasional Paper No. 6. [Ref/HN/067]
Hoggart, Richard. “Literature and Society.” American Scholar 35 (1966): 277-89. [Ref/HN/067]
Hoggart, Richard. The Literary Imagination and the Study of Society. CCCS Occasional Paper No. 3. [Ref/HN/067]
Holland, N. H. The Dynamics of Literary Response. 1968. [Ref/HN/069]
Holland, Norman N. Psychoanalysis and Shakespeare. New York, 1966. [Ref/HN/071]
Hollis, Christopher. A Study of George Orwell. Hollis & Carter, 1958. [Ref/HN/073]
Horton, D. and R. Wobel. “Mass Communication & Parasocial Interaction.” Psychiatry xix (1956). [Ref/HN/075]
Houghton, Walter E. The Victorian Frame of Mine, 1830-1870. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957. [Ref/HN/077]
House, Humphry. The Dickens World. OUP, 1941. [Ref/HN/081]
Hovland, Carl. “Effects of Mass Media of Communication.” In Handbook of Social Psychology, edited by Lindzey Gardner, 1062-1103. [Ref/HN/079]
*“report of research: experimental findings treated in detail as confronted with ‘field data’ (Klapper)
Howe, Irving. “Mass Society and Post-Modern Fiction.” Partisan Review 26 (1959): 420-36. [Ref/HN/083]
Huaco, George A. The Sociology of Film Art. New York: Basic Books, 1965. [Ref/HN/085]
Hughes, Helen S. “The Middle Class Reader and the English Novel.” Journal of English and Germanic Philology 25 (1926): 326-78. [Ref/HN/087]
Hunt, Everett L. “The Social Interpretation of Literature.” English Journal 24 (1935): 214-18. [Ref/HN/089]
Hunt, Morton. “The Age of Love.” In America as a Mass Society, edited by Philip Olson, 539-47. Free Press, 1963. [Ref/HN/091]
Hunt, Morton. The Natural History of Love. New York: Knopf, 1959. [Ref/HN/091]
Huxley, Aldous. Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow. New York, 1956. [Ref/HN/093]
Hyman, Stanley Edgar. The Armed Vision: A Study in the Methods of the Modern Literary Critics. New York, 1947. [Ref/HN/095]
Hyman, Stanley Edgar. “Kenneth Burke and the Criticism of Symbolic Action.” In The Armed Vision: A Study in the Methods of the Modern Literary Critics, 327-85. New York, 1947.
Hypolite, J. Études sur Marx et Hegel. Paris, 1965. [Ref/HN/097]
*(also study of Hegel)
Icheiser, G. “Frustration and Aggression or Frustration and Defence: A Counter-Hypothesis.” Journal of General Psychology 43 (1950): 125. [Ref/HN/099]
Icheiser, G. “Projection and the Mote-Beam-Mechanism.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (1947): 131-37. [Ref/HN/101]
Inglis, Ruth. “An Objective Approach to the Relationships between Fiction and Society.” American Sociological Review 3 (1938): 526-31. [Ref/HN/103]
Jackson, T. A. Charles Dickens: The Progress of a Radical. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1937. [Ref/HN/107]
Jakobson, Roman and Claude Levi-Strauss. “Les Chats de Charles Baudelaire,” L’Homme 2 (1962): 6-21. [Ref/HN/109]
*Structuralism
Johns-Heine, Patrick, and Hans H. Gerth. “Values in Mass Periodical Fiction, 1921-1940.” Public Opinion Quarterly (1949). Mass Culture, 226-34. [Ref/HN/111]
Johnson, John, and Elihu Katz. “Youth & Popular Music.” American Journal of Sociology 62 (1957): 563-68. [Ref/HN/113]
Jones, Bean Fly. “James Baldwin; The Struggle for Identity.” British Journal of Sociology 17 (June 1966): 107-21. [Ref/HN/115]
Jones, Dorothy B. “Quantitative Analysis of Motion Picture Content.” Public Opinion Quarterly 6 (1942): 411-28. [Ref/HN/117]
*On happy endings – escapism thesis
Jones, Howard Mumford. A Guide to American Literature and Its Background Since 1890. Cambridge, Mass., 1953. [Ref/HN/119]
*“Lists, guides and brief essays on importance of society in literary study”
Jordan, Nehemiah. Cognitive Balance, Cognitive Organization, and Attitude Change: A Critique.” Public Opinion Quarterly 27, no. 1 (Spring 1963): 123-32. [Ref/HN/121]
Kahn, L. Social Ideas in German Literature. New York, 1938. [Ref/HN/123]
Kaiser, Walter H. “Television & Reading.” Library Journal 76 (1951): 348-50. [Ref/HN/125]
Kass, B. “Overlapping Magazine Reading: A New Method of Determining the Cultural Levels.” In Communications Research, 1948-49, edited by P. Lazarsfeld and F. Stanton, 130-51. [Ref/HN/127]
Kellog, C. E. “A Social-Psychological Version of the Aesthetic Attitude.” Journal of Social Psychology (August 1930). [Ref/HN/129]
Kern, Alexander C. “The Sociology of Knowledge in the Study of Literature.” Sewanee Review 50 (1942): 505-14. [Ref/HN/131]
Kerr, W. A., and Remmers, H. H. “Cultural Value of 100 Representative Magazines.” School & Society 54 (Nov 1941): 476-480. [Ref/HN/133]
Kettle, Arnold. An Introduction to the English Novel. [Ref/HN/135]
Kettle, Arnold. “Artists & Politics.” Marxism Today 3 (1959). [Ref/HN/135]
Kettle, Arnold. Essays on Socialist Realism and the British Cultural Tradition. [Ref/HN/135]
Kettle, Arnold. “From Hamlet to Lear.” In Shakespeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 146-71. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/137]
Kettle, Arnold, ed. Shakespeare in a Changing world. 1964. [Ref/HN/137]
Kiernen. “Human Relations in Shakespeare.” In Shakespeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 43-64. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/137]
Klingender, F. D. Marxism and Modern Art. [Ref/HN/139]
Knights, L. C. Drama and Society in the Age of Jonson. [Ref/HN/141]
*NB TLS 1937 (q v) lists him among the Marxist critics
Knights, L. C. Literature and the Study of Society. University of Sheffield, Inaugural Lecture, 1947. [Ref/HN/143]
Kobrin, S. “Conflict of Values in Delinquent Areas.” American Sociological Review 16 (1951). [Ref/HN/145]
Larrabee, E., and D. Riesman. “Autos in America: Manifest and Latent Destiny.” In Consumer Behaviour vol III, edited by L. H. Clark. New York University Press. [Ref/HN/147 & Ref/HN/149]
Laski, Harold J. Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time. 1943. [Ref/HN/151]
Lazarsfeld, P., and F. Stanton, eds. Communications Research, 1948-49.
Lehman, John. I am My Brother. London, 1960. [Ref/HN/153]
Lichtheim, George. “On the Rim of the Volcano: Heidegger, Bloch, Adorno.” Encounter (April 1964): 585-625. Ref/AC/1
Lindesmith, Alfred Ray, and Anselm L. Strauss. Social Psychology. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968. [Ref/OZ/078 & Ref/OZ/080]
Littlewood, J. C. F. “Humanity in Control?” Cambridge Quarterly 3 (1968): 115-126. [Ref/OZ/056]
*Scrutiny
(Attack on Marxism)
(attack on New Left Manifesto)
Littuner, Y. “Deviance & Passivity in Radio Listener Groups.” Acta Sociologica 4. [Ref/HN/155]
Lovaas, O. I. “Effect of Exposure to Symbolic Aggression on Aggressive Behaviour.” Child Development 32 (1961): 37—. [Ref/HN/157]
Maccoby, E. E. “Television: Its Impact on School Children.” Public Opinion Quarterly 15 (Fall 1951): 424-9. [Ref/HN/161]
*TV brings the family together but the resultant social life is ‘parallel’ not ‘interactive’
Maccoby, E., Levin, H., and B. Selya. “The effects of emotional arousal on the retention of film content.” American Psychologist 10 (1985): 359. [Ref/HN/159]
MacIntyre. “After Lukacs.” Times Literary Supplement, 14 July 1966, 605-6.
MacIntyre, “Pascal & Marx: On Lucien Goldmann’s ‘Hidden God.’” Encounter, (October 1964): 69-77. [Ref/DG/141]
Marshall, Thomas F., et al. Literature & Society, 1950-1955: A Selective Bibliography. Coral Gables, Fla: University of Miami Press, 1956. [Ref/HN/163]
Marshall, Thomas F. Literature and Society, 1956-1960: A Selective Bibliography. Coral Gables, Fla: University of Miami Press, 1962. [Ref/HN/163]
Matthews, Geoffrey M. “Othello and the Dignity of Man.” In Shakespeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 125-45. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/137]
Matthews, Mitford M. A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956. [Ref/AC/111]
Mendelsohn, H. “Why the Attack on Entertainment.” American Social Association (29 August 1963). [Ref/HN/167]
Meyersohn, R., and E. Katz. “Notes on a Natural History of Fads.” American Journal of Sociology 62 (1956-7). [Ref/HN/169]
*3 copies
Miller, Walter. “Lower Class Cultures as a Generative Milieu of Gang Delinquents.” Journal of Social Issues 14, no. 3 (1958). [Ref/HN/171]
Montague, C. E. Disenchantment. 1922. [Ref/HN/175]
Mottram, R. H. The Spanish Farm Trilogy. 1924-6. [Ref/HN/173]
Muggeridge, Malcolm. The Thirties. [Ref/HN/177]
Muir, Kenneth. “Shakespeare & Politics.” In Shakespeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 56-83. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/137]
Muir, Kenneth. “Timon of Athens and the Cash-Nexus.” Modern Quarterly Miscellany 1 (1947): 57-76. [Ref/HN/137]
Nandy, Dipak: “The Realism of Anthony & Cleopatra.” In Shakespeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 172-94. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/138]
New Republic. [Ref/HN/179]
*Articles putting Marxist point of view in early ‘30’s.
Noel, Mary. “Dime Novels.” American Heritage 7 (1956): 50-55. [Ref/HN/183]
Noel, Mary. Villains Galore: The Heyday of the Popular Story Weekly. New York, 1954. [Ref/HN/181]
O’Conner, Frank. The Mirror in the Roadway: A Study of the Modern Novel. New York, 1956. [Ref/OZ/003]
Olsen, M. “Motion Picture Attendance and Social Isolation.” Sociological Quarterly 1 (1960): 107-17. [Ref/OZ/005]
Orwell, George. [Ref/OZ/007]
Orwell, George. Lion and the Unicorn. Searchlight Books. [Ref/OZ/017]
Orwell and Reynolds. British Pamphleteers. Allan Wingate, 1947. [Ref/OZ/011]
Ozgood, C., G. Suci, and P. Tannenbaum. The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1957. [Ref/OZ/019]
*Effects rendered ‘visible’ by semantic differential
Papashvily, Helen W. All the Happy Endings: A Study of the Domestic Novel in American, the Women who Wrote It, and Women who Read It, in the Nineteenth Century. New York, 1956. [Ref/OZ/021]
Parrington, Vernon L. The Beginning of Critical Realism in America, 1860-1920. New York: Harcourt, 1920. [Ref/OZ/046]
Paris, Bernard J. “The Psychic Structure of Vanity Fair.” Victorian Studies 10 (1967): 389-410. [Ref/HN/071]
Peatman, J. G. “Radio and Popular Music.” In Radio Research 1942-3, edited by Lazarsfeld and Stanton. New York Duell: Sloan and Pearve, 1944. [Ref/OZ/023 & Ref/OZ/025]
Rees, Sir Richard. George Orwell: Fugitive from the Camp of Victory. Secker, 1961. [Ref/OZ/015]
Remivers, H., and D. Radler. The American Teenager. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1957. [Ref/OZ/027 & Ref/OZ/029]
Richards, J. A. [Ref/OZ/031]
Riesman, David. [Ref/OZ/033]
Riley, J. W. and M. Riley. “A Sociological Approach to Communications Research.” Public Opinion Quarterly 15 (Fall 1951): 445-50. [Ref/OZ/035]
*Social contract of movie-going
Sanders, Wilbur. “The Dramatist and the Received Idea: Studies in the Plays of Marlowe and Shakespeare.” Cambridge University Press, 1968. [Ref/OZ/037]
Saunders. [Ref/OZ/042]
*Work of literary profession in 18th century
Sassoon, Siegfried. Memoirs of an Infantry Officer. London, 1930. [Ref/OZ/041]
Schaper, Eva. “The Concept of Style: The Sociologist’s Key to Art?” British Journal of Aesthetics 9 (July 1969): 246-57. [Ref/OZ/044]
Schramm, Wilbur L. Realism in Contemporary American Literature: An Historical Survey. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1952. [Ref/OZ/046]
Schucking, Levin L. The Sociology of Literary Taste. Translated by E. W. Dicks. London: Routledge, 1944. [Ref/OZ/050]
Schuessler, K. “Social Background and Musical Taste.” American Sociological Review 13 (1948): 330-35. [Ref/OZ/052]
Schutz, Alfred. “Don Quixote and the Problem of Reality.” In Collected Papers, Volume 2: Studies in Social Theory, 135-58. The Hague, Nijhoff, 1964. [Ref/OZ/054]
Sewter, A. C. “The Possibilities of a Sociology of Art.” British Sociological Review 27 (1935): 441-53. [Ref/OZ/058]
Shils, Edward. “The High Culture of the Age.” In The Arts in Society,edited by Wilson, 317-62. [Ref/OZ/060]
Shorer, Mark, ed. Society and the Self in the Novel: English Institute Essays, 1955. New York, 1956. [Ref/OZ/062]
Siegel, A. “Film Mediated Fantasy Aggression and the Strength of Aggressive Drives.” Child Development 27 (1956): 365—. [Ref/OZ/064]
Slote, Bernice, ed. Literature and Society: Nineteen Essays by Germaine Bree and Others. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1964. [Ref/OZ/066]
Smirnov, A. A. Shakespeare: A Marxist Interpretation. New York, 1936. [Ref/OZ/068]
*Excerpts in Norman Rabkin (editor) Approaches to Shakespeare. New York, 1964, 160-171.
Smith, B. M., H. D. Lasswell, and R. D. Casey. Propaganda, Communication and Public Opinion: A Comprehensive Reference Guide. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946. [Ref/OZ/070]
Smith, Bradford. Why We Behave Like Americans. Philadelphia, 1957. [Ref/OZ/072]
*Chapters on the Arts and Mass Media. Literature taken as insight and reflection of American character.
Smith, Grahame. Dickens, Money and Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1968. [Ref/OZ/074]
Smith, Henry Nash. Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1950. [Ref/OZ/076]
“The Sociology of Literary Creativity.” International Social Science Journal 19, no. 4 (1967). [Ref/HN/105]
Sorokin, Pitirim A. “Fluctuations in the Forms of Art.” Social and Cultural Dynamics 1 (1937). [Ref/OZ/082]
*Including bibliography
Southall, Raymond. “Troilus & Cressida and the spirit of capitalism.” In Shakespeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 217-32. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/138]
Spearman, Diana. The Novel and Society. 1966. [Ref/OZ/084]
Spengler. [Ref/OZ/086]
Spiegelman, Marvin, Carl Terwilliger, and Franklin Fearing. “The Content of Comix Strips: A Study of a Mass Medium of Communication.” Journal of Social Psychology 35 (1952): 37-57. [Ref/OZ/088]
de Stael. Madame de Stael on Politics, Literature and National Character. Edited and translated by Berger Morroe. Anchor Books, A 429. [Ref/OZ/090]
*Sometimes referred to as the first writer to discuss literature in modern social terms.
Stanford, Derek, and William Etsy. “From Engagement to Indifference: Politics and the Writer.” Commonweal 67 (March 1958): 538-88. [Ref/OZ/092]
Steiner, George. “George Lukacs and his Devil’s Pact.” Kenyon Review. [Ref/OZ/094]
Steiner, George. Language and Silence. [Ref/OZ/094]
Steiner, George. “Marxism and the Literary Critic. Encounter. [Ref/OZ/094]
Stephen, Leslie. 18th Century English Literature. [Ref/OZ/096]
*Review of Taine q.v. “Teaching English Literature.”
Sykes, G., and D. Matza. “Juvenile Delinquency and Subterranean Values.” American Sociological Review (1962/3). [Ref/OZ/104 & Ref/OZ/106]
Symons, Julian. The General Strike. Cresset Press, 1957. [Ref/OZ/100]
Symons, Julian. The Thirties. London: Cresset Press, 1960. [Ref/OZ/098 & Ref/OZ/102]
Taine, H. A. History of English Literature. Translated by H. V. Laun, 1871. [Ref/OZ/108]
* Early literary sociology – described as rigid determinism.
Critical review by Leslie Stephen – Fortnightly Review, 1873, reprinted in S. Ullmann (editor) Men, Books & Mountains: Essays by Leslie Stephen, pp 81-111.
Tate, Allen. “Literature as Knowledge: Comment and Comparison.” Southern Review 6 (1940-41): 629-57. [Ref/OZ/110]
Tate, Allen. The Man of Letters in the Modern World. [Ref/OZ/110]
Tate, Allen. “Mr Burke and the Historical Environment.” Southern Review 2, no. 2 (1936-7): 363. [Ref/OZ/110]
Tawney, R. H. “Social History and Literature.” In The Radical Tradition, 183-209. London: Allen, 1964. [Ref/OZ/112]
Thomson, George. Aeschylus and Athens: A Study in the Social Origins of Drama. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1941. Paper edition, 1966. [Ref/OZ/114]
Thomson, George. Marxism and Poetry. New York, 1946. [Ref/OZ/116]
Thomson, Patricia. The Victorian Heroine: A Changing Ideal, 1837-1873. London, 1956. [Ref/OZ/118]
* Relationships between female emancipation movement, the portrayal of women, and women writers.
Thorpe, James, ed. Relations of Literary Study. New York: Modern Language Association, 1968. [Ref/OZ/120]
Thrasher, F. The Gang. University of Chicago Press, 1936. [Ref/OZ/122 & Ref/OZ/124]
Tillotson, Kathleen. Novels of the Eighteen-Forties. [Ref/OZ/126]
Toller, Ernst. I Was a German. [Ref/OZ/128]
Vernon, M. D. “The Function of Schemata in Perceiving.” Psychology Review 62 (1954). [Ref/OZ/130]
Walton, J. K. “Macbeth.” In Shakespeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 102-22. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/138]
Weimann, Robert. “The Soul of the Age: Towards a Historical Approach to Shakespeare.” In Shakespeare in a Changing World, edited by Arnold Kettle, 17-42. London, 1964. [Ref/HN/138]
West, M. “Some Problems in the Theory of Echoes.” Social Research 2 (1935): 353-67. [Ref/OZ/132]
*Quoted in Henle
White, D. M., and Able. The Funnies: An American Idiom. [Ref/DG/025]
Williamson, Elen. The Town that was Murdered. Left Book Club, 1939. [Ref/OZ/134]
Wright, C. “Function Analysis and Mass Communication. Public Opinion Quarterly 24 (1960): 605—. [Ref/OZ/136]
Yablonsky, L. “The Delinquent Gang as a Near-Group.” Social Problems 7, no. 2 (1959). [Ref/OZ/138]
Zajonc, Robert B. “The Concepts of Balance, Congruity, and Dissonance.” Public Opinion Quarterly 24, no. 2 (Summer 1960): 280-96. [Ref/OZ/140]